Adverbial clauses of reason, purpose, comparison

Adverbial clauses of reason

1) Adverbial clauses of reason answer the question Why? We often give reasons by using 'joining words' (or conjunctions) like because, as, seeing (that), and since.

2) We often begin sentences with as and since.

As (Since) it's a public holiday, you won't find many shops open.

3) We often use because in the second half of a sentence:

Jim's trying to find a place of his own because he wants to feel independent.

Write:

Join these sentences with the conjunctions to say why. More than one order is possible.

   1)      Service in this hotel ought to improve. There's been a change of management. ( because)

…Service in this hotel ought to improve because there's been a change of management.

   2)      The Air Traffic Controllers are on strike. We have cancelled our holiday. (as)

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   3)      Could you sell your old computer to me? You have no further use for it. (seeing (that))

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   4)      She's never in when I phone. I'll have to write to her. (since)

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   5)      I've had to have the document translated. I can't read Russian. (since)

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Adverbial clauses of purpose with 'in case'

In case means 'so as to be on the safe side' and refers to the future. We use the simple present or should after in case:

Take an umbrella with you. It might rain.

Take an umbrella with you in case it rains. ( Or…….in case it should rain)

Write: Join these sentences with in case, making any necessary changes.

   1)      I'm going to sign the agreement immediately. You might change your mind.

….I'm going to sign the agreement immediately in case you change your mind.

   2)      Take this key with you. You might not be able to get into the house.

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   3)      We keep a fire extinguisher in the kitchen. There might be a fire.

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   4)      Go by train. There might be a lot of traffic on the roads.

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   5)      I'm going to take my passport with me. I might need it.

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Adverbial clauses of comparison with 'as ... as'

We can make comparisons with as ... as, not so (or as) ... as and than:

We use object pronouns after as and than: He’s as tall as me. He’s taller than me. 

Or we use subject + verb: He is as tall as I (am). He's taller than I (am).

We may use do, does or did to replace a verb in the simple present or simple past:

He plays the piano as well as I (do). He plays the piano as well as his sister (does).

You didn’t finish the puzzle as quickly as I (did).

Write: Join or rewrite these sentences using the conjunctions in brackets.

   1)      John works hard. Susan works hard. (as ... as)

….John works as hard as Susan (does).

   2)      John is less intelligent than Susan. (not so ... as)

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   3)      This computer holds less information than that one. (not ... as much ... as) .

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   4)      The film 'Superman 1' is enjoyable. 'Superman 2' is enjoyable, too. (as ... as)

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