'Being' and
'having been'
1)
We sometimes use being in place of is, are, was or were, though
this is often formal:
Instead of: I was lost, so I
had to ask someone the way.
We can say: Being lost, I
had to ask someone the way.
2)
We sometimes use having
been in place of have been or had been (also formal):
Instead of: I've
been abroad, so I missed the elections.
We can say: Having been
abroad, I missed the elections.
Write: Rewrite these
sentences using being or having been.
1)
I am out of work, so I spend a lot of my time at home.
…Being out of
work, I spend a lot of my time at home.
2)
John is a scientist, so he hasn't read a lot of
novels.
................................................................................................................................
3)
He has been promised a reward, so he hopes he'll get
one.
................................................................................................................................
4)
I was near a newsagent's, so I went in and got a
paper.
................................................................................................................................
5) They had been up
all night, so they were in no mood for jokes.
................................................................................................................................
'It
being' and 'there being'
1) We sometimes use it being in place of it
is or it was (formal):
Instead of: It was Sunday so it was hard to find a
garage open.
We can say: It being Sunday, it was hard to find a
garage open.
2)
We sometimes use there
being in place of there is or there was (formal):
Instead of: There was so much
noise, I couldn't hear what was going on.
We can say: There being so
much nose, I couldn't hear what was going on.
3)
We can use it being and there being after without
(formal):
They often dig up
the roads without it being necessary. (= it isn't necessary)
She suddenly began
shouting without there being any reason. (= there was no
reason).
Write: Rewrite these
sentences using it being or there being, making any necessary
changes.
1)
There
were no questions so the meeting ended quickly.
2)
…..There being no
questions, the meeting ended quickly.
3)
He
kept helping himself to money and it wasn't noticed. (without it ...)
................................................................................................................................
4)
He
kept asking awkward questions and there was no reason for it. (without there
...)
................................................................................................................................
5)
It
was a holiday, so there were thousands of cars on the roads.
................................................................................................................................
6)
There
was no one in, so I left a message.
................................................................................................................................
Agreement
between present participle and subject
We have to be very careful to make participle agree with the subject of
both verbs:
Turning the corner, I saw a tile fall off the roof. (= I turned…and saw…)
If we say or write *Turning the corner, the tile fell off the roof*, this
means ‘the tile was turning the corner and then fell off the roof’. The
sentence is nonsense.
Past
participle constructions
1)
The past participle is the third part of a verb
:
play - played - played
(regular verbs); build - built - built (irregular
verbs)
2)
We sometimes use the past participle instead of the
passive:
Viewed from a distance,
it resembled a cloud. (When it was viewed ...)
Although built years ago, it was
in good order. (Although it was built .. .)
If accepted for the job, you
will be informed soon. (If you are accepted ...)
3)
We can omit who and which: The
system used here is very successful. (which is used...)
Write: Rewrite these sentences
using past participles.
1)
The
painting was lost for many years. It turned up at an auction.
…..Lost for many
years, the painting turned up at an auction.
2)
Although
the meat was cooked for several hours, it was still tough.
................................................................................................................................
3)
If
the picture is seen from this angle, it looks rather good.
................................................................................................................................
4)
The
vegetables which are sold in this shop are grown without chemicals.
................................................................................................................................
5) When the poem is
read aloud it is very effective.
................................................................................................................................
No comments:
Post a Comment
Note: only a member of this blog may post a comment.